Estonia’s Independence Day
Estonia marks Independence Day, also called the anniversary of the Republic, each year on 24 February. The date commemorates the 1918 publication of the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia, which declared an independent, democratic republic.[1]
A national day of rest
Estonia’s Public Holidays and Days of National Importance Act names 24 February as both Independence Day and the anniversary of the Republic, and classifies it as a national day and a day of rest.[2]
For employees, the Employment Contracts Act says the working day before the anniversary of the Republic must be shortened by three hours.[3] The law’s day-of-rest status does not, by itself, establish that every business or service closes. Opening hours and transport schedules can vary, so visitors should check with the relevant provider.
The events behind the date
The Estonian Provincial Assembly’s Council of Elders decided to declare Estonia’s independence in the context of events in Russia and the First World War. The Estonian Salvation Committee was formed on 19 February 1918 to carry out that aim.[1]
The Manifesto was read publicly from the balcony of the Endla Theatre in Pärnu on the evening of 23 February. It was published across Estonia on 24 February, when the republic was officially proclaimed. The declaration described Estonia as an independent democratic republic.[1][4]
How Estonia observes the day
The Government Office describes flag-raising ceremonies in Toompea and in city and rural municipality centres, with Estonian flags flown on residential, commercial and office buildings. Other established observances include wreath-laying at War of Independence memorials, religious services and public ceremonies.[1]
The Defence Forces organise a parade, and the day’s official programme includes the presentation of state decorations, an anniversary concert and a reception hosted by the President. The Government Office also describes people gathering with family and friends, spending time outdoors and following special holiday programming from Estonian Public Broadcasting.[1]
Planning a visit
The national observances take place across Estonia, not only in Tallinn: the Government Office lists ceremonies and wreath-laying around the country, and says the Defence Forces’ parade is held in an Estonian city.[1]
Check opening hours and timetables locally before travelling or making plans.[2]
Frequently asked questions
When is Estonia’s Independence Day?
It is observed every year on 24 February, the date the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia was published across the country in 1918.[1]
Is Independence Day a day off?
The Public Holidays and Days of National Importance Act designates 24 February as a national day and a day of rest. The law does not provide a substitute day when the date falls on a weekend.[2]
What happens on Independence Day?
Official observances include flag-raising, wreath-laying, services and ceremonies, a Defence Forces parade, a concert and a presidential reception. Celebrations are held around Estonia.[1]
Sources and references
Sources used for Independence Day in Estonia:
- National holiday- Government Office of Estonia (Riigikantselei)
- Public Holidays and Days of National Importance Act- Riigi Teataja (Riigikogu)
- Employment Contracts Act- Riigi Teataja (Riigikogu)
- Declaration of Independence- Office of the President of the Republic of Estonia