Incwala Festival in Eswatini

A ceremony of kingship and renewal

Incwala is more than a harvest celebration. Eswatini’s government describes it as a ceremony of cleansing and renewal centered on kingship; a scholarly account also describes it as a national ritual associated with the well-being and unity of the nation.[2][4]

The ceremony has a preliminary phase known as Little Incwala and a main ceremony. Historical research describes the event as taking place over several days, with preparations between the two phases for dances, costumes and ceremonial objects.[2][4]

How the ceremony is observed

The annual observances take place at royal residences. The government has described participants from Eswatini’s regions gathering at Ludzidzini, with the King, Queen Mother, royal family, regiments and members of the public taking part in dances. The King may also travel with Little Incwala to other royal residences.[2]

A young men’s group is commissioned to cut and bring branches of the lusekwane tree to the royal residence before the main ceremony. The High Commission describes the main Incwala as a dance involving the royal family and the nation. These are ceremonial practices.[2][3]

The ceremony is specific to Eswatini’s royal and national traditions. Historical scholarship describes it as a widely representative national event, while the government’s account says it has been observed for hundreds of years.[2][4]

Public holiday and practical information

Eswatini’s Public Holidays Act lists Incwala Day as a public holiday. The available consolidated text names 23 December and says that when a listed holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday is observed as a public holiday.[1] A government wage regulation also lists Incwala among paid public holidays for the employees covered by that order.[5]

The main ceremony date is announced by authorities, so check current official notices for the schedule.[2]

Visitors interested in Eswatini’s culture are welcome, but should respect privacy during parts of the observances. Check directly with the office, bank, shop or transport provider you plan to use.[2]